Changes in the Worldview

Changes in the Worldview WHAT IS WORLDVIEW? In fundamental terms world view is where an individual/individual or a gathering or a culture responds or interfaces with the world utilizing various thoughts and systems. Perspectives structures social qualities and these qualities make social or individual conduct. These practices further make various societies. Along these lines, fundamentally perspective of a specific culture might be not quite the same as another culture. Perspective has changed during the previous a great deal of times. During the premodern period the perspective had a powerful idea meaning the time was centered around otherworldly convictions and as the time changed, at that point came the cutting edge time. As the convictions changed in current period so did the perspective. During the advanced time society began changing their accepts and dropped the possibility of profound convictions to mankind, at this very moment and physical reality. At that point came the time which we call postmodern time which is the arrangement of contemplations and convictions being acknowledged and grasped after the cutting edge age and it concentrated on humanism, science instruction and so forth. There were a ton of changes in the western perspective after some time as there are a great deal of variables that help the perspective to change, for instance: Social frameworks Political and financial framework Culture The adjustment in the western perspective could be classified in 3 times, the pre-present day period, the cutting edge time and the post-current time. There were an ideal change in the perspective of how the general public thinks and what does it acknowledge which prompted the change in perspectives. As per one creator Christianity changed the agnostic word since Christians were steadfast and were in any event, ready to pass on for their convictions and ethical quality. Also, in this manner, even Constantine authorized Christianity in AD 313. When it was legitimized chritians began following their convictions, one of which was person were make by the picture of god. After the middle age, it was the start of the time what we call renaissance. It fundamentally began when European researcher found exemplary archives and new plan to take a gander at the world. Not many occasions, for example, the Black demise additionally carried changes to the perspective, individuals begin accepting that the reason was a consequence of the arrangement of planets and some accepts that it was a discipline of god and the individuals who endure got an opportunity to leave their farmland and move to urban communities which in todays time we call urbanization. After the renaissance or present day time came the innovation and it dismissed the post-innovation as it neglected to answer humanities most inconvenient issues. The goal of morals agreeing the Christian ethic is that couple of measures are noticeable all through human disposition towards profound quality. Despite the fact that mainstream savants treat every ethical ethic as relative, even they have some moral qualities, for example, love, equity and fortitude. The essential significance of morals to perspective is that morals consistently accompanies ways of thinking and methods of reasoning are formed by the perspective. In this way, to make morals we use methods of reasoning and to shape ways of thinking we have to comprehend the perspective. The answer for people moral problems can influence ones perspective. The human in todays world are left with two decisions between two disasters: Accept probably a few people will accepts the qualities at decisions to be objective Or then again nobody trust it. Choosing the subsequent choice methods exposing all the good and moral qualities which is another perspective and lead to another perspective. The regular angle between the book and the articles is that all the writer are passing on a message about perspective, ethics and morals and the progress of one perspective to another over a period. The methods of passing on the message are diverse however barely any things are comparable between the book and the article which are profound quality, morals and so forth. C.S Lewis in his book The Abolition of Man has somewhat extraordinary way to deal with clarify this idea. He utilizes human and nature to clarify the perspective and morals. He additionally clarifies the idea of Tao, a Chinese word for the domain of target an incentive as the reason for conventional ethical quality. (Lewis, 1943) References Lewis, C. S. (1986). The annulment of man, or, Reflections on training with unique reference to the instructing of English in the upper types of schools. Recovered January 16, 2017 Christian Ethics. (n.d.). Recovered January 16, 2017, from http://www.allaboutworldview.org/christian-ethics.html Zacharia, R. (2016, December 20). The Death of Truth and a Postmortem. Recovered January 16, 2017, from http://rzim.org/worldwide blog/the-demise of-truth-and-a-posthumous/ Anderson, K. (2016, August 07). Perspectives Through History Compared to a Christian View. Recovered January 16, 2017, from www.probe.org/perspectives through-history/ Smilde, A. (2015, June 3). LEWISIANA: Summary of C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man. Recovered January 16, 2017, from http://lewisiana.nl/abolsum/index.html

Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay Mary Shellys tale is organized as it were, which endeavors to offer position to her perspectives. Opening with a creators presentation, and bolstered with an introduction with her well known spouse. Mary Shellys epic beginnings with a progression of letters professing to know reality of Victor Frankensteins story. This family contribution, trailed by proficient separating, uncovers the quality of the creators sentiments on the duties of family and researchers. For a century and a half, numerous perusers of the Mary Shellys epic Frankenstein have bantered over which character could be related with the articulation Monster. Mary Shelly said in the prelude the motivation behind why she created this nineteenth century novel was an apparition story goodness! In the event that I could just devise one which would alarm my peruser as I myself had been scared that night. She needed her perusers to feel the fear that she had envisioned one night. The perusers of Mary Shellys epic Frankenstein may accept that the animal is the beast, anyway there are two potential beasts in the novel. These two characters from the novel are simply the Creature and the maker of the animal, Dr Victor Frankenstein. One competitor who may be accepted to be the beast is Dr Victor Frankenstein. At seventeen years old Victors guardians recommended that he should turn into an understudy at the college of Ingolstadt. Sadly Victors mother died while bringing forth his sibling. The passing of his mom stunned him and made him scan for approaches to expand life. After the passing of his mom, Victor accepted his folks counsel and went to college. My takeoff for Ingolstadt which had been conceded by these occasions it appeared to me heresy so soon to leave the rest, likened to death, of the place of grieving and to hurry into the thick if life. This recommends he wasnt sure on the off chance that it was the good move to make, to abandon his grieving family and head out to college. While at college Victor got entranced in science: One of the marvels, which had curiously stood out for me was the structure of the human casing, and undoubtedly any creature endued with life. Victor was engaged to stop demise. He was lamenting so much since he had lost somebody so significant and near him: I believed that on the off chance that I could offer activity to dead issue recharge life where passing had obviously dedicated the body to defilement. His interest with expanding life surpassed his considering; he turned out to be so dedicated to finding a way, he had set himself a test and he was so certain to accomplish that challenge. A period in the novel where we are demonstrated that Victor is connected as a beast is the point at which he starts to uncover the dead and attack burial grounds. Who will consider the detestations of my mystery drudge as I dallied among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tormented I gathered bones from charnel-houses insider facts of the human edge. This is an indication of indecent, irregular disposition and is hostile towards the bodies. The meaning of a beast is a deformed creature or plant; individual of fiendishness; gigantic creature or thing. The piece of the definition where it says an individual of devilishness is the thing that ought to be utilized to depict Victor Frankenstein. No ordinary individual would uncover the dead and use body parts to make a creation. Another way, where Victor could be considered as the beast is the manner in which he treated the animal once he had breathed life into it. Victor abandoned the animal; he would not recognize it and to acknowledge that the animal was his own: For this I had denied myself of rest advertisement wellbeing. I had wanted it with an enthusiasm finally fatigue prevailing to the tumult attempting to look for a couple of seconds of carelessness however it was futile. Victor had no aim of thinking about the animal, maybe he feared his own creation. He disposes of the Creature following its creation, considering it a reprobate and leaving it to fight for itself. This shows how untrustworthy he is. It is additionally another case of him ignoring his family, since the Creature considers him to be its dad. The animal methodologies Victor like an infant would to its dad: He held up the drapery of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they might be called, were fixed on me while a smile wrinkled his cheeks. How could Victor surrender the animal, he had no compassion towards it. The manner by which the animal is depicted when it approaches Victor is much the same as the manner in which a child would move toward its folks, possibly at this piece of the novel, we perusers are to feel compassion toward the animal and to consider Victor as the beast for the manner in which he treated the animal, it was his own creation he ought to of thought about it and been its friend. Victor ought to of treated the animal like his own youngster, conceivably on the off chance that he showed care for the animal and not show dread, possibly the animal wouldnt have been so wretched in light of the fact that he knew the same. The animal didnt realize how to treat or care for others. So truly it wasnt the animals shortcoming for the passings caused and for the manner by which he treated individuals since in general he didnt know any extraordinary and wasnt educated by Victor how to treat others.

McGregor’s Theory X and Y Essay Example for Free

McGregor’s Theory X and Y Essay The establishment of McGregor’s hypothesis has direct connects to Taylor’s investigation of logical administration: an investigation of logical administration as a connection between people and their occupations which thusly should be re-developed to augment proficiency (Waddell et al. 2007, p. 43). Numerous scientists and researchers have created speculations dependent on crafted by F.W. Taylor. McGregor, Maslow and other people who helped to improve the perspective on human connection attempted to demonstrate that there is another side to the conventional viewpoint of laborers (Bartol and Martin 1998, p. 52).This writing survey will concentrate on the advancement of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y comparable to the improvement of the board hypothesis. Additionally will clarify the meaning of X and Y hypothesis and its significance to 21st century. McGregor proposed two differentiating sets of administrative presumptions about the laborers. He further inspected taking Taylor’s conventional perspective on laborers and Mayo’s human connection approach into thought, which he marked Taylor’s see as ‘Theory X’ and as Mayo’s see as ‘Theory Y’ (Montana and Charnov 2000, p. 25). [ (Stephen P.Robbins) ] However, ‘both these speculations have the normal meaning of elements of director: the board is liable for sorting out the components of profitable venture cash, materials, hardware, and individuals to the greatest advantage of monetary ends’. Fundamental contrasts in these two speculations are the presumptions (Urwick 1970, p .1). McGregor with his experience as an administrator and as a clinician, watched the conduct and mentality of the laborers (Daft.2003, p. 47). As indicated by Kopelman, Prottas and Davis (2008, p 1) Theory X speaks to that laborers for the most par t despise work, are reckless, are lazy and require close management. Conversely, Theory Y signifies that people are commonly inventive, imaginative, acknowledge obligation and accept work is a characteristic action. Besides, his perceptions on the old style and the conduct ways to deal with understanding specialists were discovered extraordinary. He combined up his hypotheses to crafted by Abraham Maslow, where he thought about the higher needs set forward by Abraham Maslow, for example, self-completion, to a Theory Y authority style, and lower needs, for example, physiological and wellbeing, to the Theory X initiative style (Bartol and Martin 1998, p. 51). Hypothesis X is alluded to as hopeful and Theory Y as critical (Montana and Charnov 2000, p 26), others named Theory X as negative and Theory Y as positive (Robbins et al.1998, p 202) and concurring Schein (1970, p.5) McGregor called Theory X as â€Å"hard approach† and Theory Y as â€Å"soft approach†. As indicated by McGregor (1960, p. 33-35), the suspicions of Theory X are that people ordinarily don't prefer to work and will maintain a strategic distance from it if conceivable. Besides, people don't need obligation and want e xact direction. Moreover, the laborers put their own interests over that of the association and commonly they are impervious to changes. At last, individuals are underestimated to be effectively controlled and controlled. As indicated by Boddy and Paton (1998, p. 201) it is of training with Theory X reasoning to incorporate time enlistment, oversight, quality checked by an unrivaled as alloted in expected set of responsibilities. The primary focal point of Theory X is that of outside control, by frameworks, strategies or management. They accepted that chiefs who acknowledged Theory X view would be rude in tolerating inclination of an ordinary person (Boddy and Paton 1998, p. 200). Supervisors who relegate to Theory X are relied upon to rehearse dictator style (Lewis, Goodman and Fandt 1998, p. 56). On the other hand, Theory Y has presumptions which is totally different of Theory X. According to Theory Y, work is normal, and attempts to possess them effectively and appreciate as well. Besides, laborers don't require nitty gritty oversight and they are self-inspired. Also, it accept that they work inventively and innovatively. On the off chance that individuals are allowed to demonstrate their competency they are goal-oriented to take care of issues and help their associations meet their objectives (McGregor 1960, p. 47-48). Administrators who hold the faith in Theory Y are probably going to practice a participatory style, examining with their subordinate voicing their assessment, and urging them to partake in dynamic (Lewis, Goodman and Fandt 1998, p. 56). Management’s fundamental point is to structure a legitimate workplace so as to accomplish their higher-request individual objectives by accomplishing authoritative targets (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker 2007, p. 205). The associations of 21st century are in an increasingly powerful existence where innovation, instruction and research and better financial conditions are limitlessly improving. It turns out to be progressively increasingly significant for supervisors to hold the series of expectations about human conduct that McGregor has proposed in his Theory If an individual holds Theory X presumptions then he won't be coherent and receptive to information, in this way, will have restricted decision of administrative style. As to Theory Y, he can shrewdly look over assortment of choices (Schein 1975, p. 7). Having labored for a long time in numerous kinds of association, Schein (1975, p. 3) accepts that associations need more Theory Y administrators at all levels particularly at more significant levels. Notwithstanding, not many organizations despite everything practice Theory X the executives (Daft 2003, p.48), however many are applying Theory Y idea of the executives, for example, Hewllet Packar d (Waddell et al. 2007, p. 56) and SOL cleaning administration, and it has end up being a triumph. They consider everybody equivalent and worth each employee’s commitment (Daft 2003, p.48). As indicated by Kochan, Orlikowski and Gershenfeld (2002, p.4) presumptions describing twentieth century alludes to Theory X and twenty first century organization’s qualities allude to Theory Y were clarified utilizing individuals, work, innovation authority and objectives. Numerous associations have understood the significance of the human capital and are as of now attempt to receive to change themselves as they perceive. McGregor contended that cutting edge associations don't consider the inventiveness of laborers. So as to use these significant resources, administrators need to give representatives to utilize their skill. Therefore, give and make conditions that incorporate individual and authoritative objectives (Boddy and Paton 1998, p. 200-201). McGregor accepted that individuals in twenty first century are progressively taught and princely and they are increasingly self con trolled (Hersey, Blanchard and Johnson 2001, p. 60). Thus, the greater part of the advanced associations firmly rehearses the board by designating authority, work expansion, making work all the more intriguing, with expanded degree of obligations and a lot of data and developments in regards to the work content, work plan and results (Montana and Charnov 2000, p. 25). At long last, so as to quantify the exhibition of the individual, the associations have examination framework which assesses their exhibitions every year or semi-yearly. For instance, organizations, for example, General Mills, Ansul Chemicals, and General Electric have been exploring different avenues regarding execution evaluation draws near (Ott, Parkes and Simpson 2003, p. 168). These administrative suggestions are connected best with the Theory Y the board style. Concurring Lorshe and Morse (refered to in David and Robert 2000, p. 202) in their examination of four organizations and reasoned that fruitful organization in the ordinary business utilized a reliable Theory X style and the other in the inventive business utilized hypothesis Y .These speculations might be relevant to certain associations and to certain societies. In article, people groups Republic of China, being a socialist nation has drilled Theory X previously and has received to rehearse Theory Y style with a gainful outcome (Oh 1976, p. 1). In rundown, Theory X and Theory Y have noteworthy effect on present day the board styles. The suppositions of these two hypotheses hold the extraordinary closures and McGregor expected that people’s conduct is firmly impacted by their convictions. His speculations have been marked identifying with Taylor and Mayo’s work. As I would like to think there is nobody best hypothesis which may fit all associations. Be that as it may, more inside and out research should be embraced to distinguish and demonstrate which hypothesis does best fits. As indicated by Boddy and Paton (1998, p. 202) many contend that both these speculations might be unseemly in certain circumstances. â€Å"Theory Y is a hypothesis of human inspiration, not a hypothesis of how to oversee or run an organization† (Schein 1975, p. 1). References Waddell, D, Devine, J, Jones, GR George, JM 2007, Contemporary Management, McGraw-Hill Irwin, North Ryde. Bartol, KM Martin, DC, Management, third edn, McGraw-Hill Co, Boston Montana, P Charnov, B 2000, Barron’s Management, third edn, Hauppauge, N.Y Daft, RL 2000, Management, sixth edn, Thomson learning, Ohio Robbins, SP, Millett, B, Cacioppe, R Marsh TW 1998, Organizational conduct: Learning and overseeing in Australia and New Zealand, second edn, Prentice Hall, Sydney McGregor, D 1960, The human side of big business, McGraw-Hill book organization, New York Boddy, D Paton, R 1998, Management: a presentation, Prentice Hall Europe, London Lewis, PS, Goodman, SH Fandt, PM 1998, Management: Challenges in the 21st century, second edn, South-Western College Pub, Cincinnati Bloisi, W, Cook, CW Hunsaker, PL 2007, Management and authoritative conduct, second edn, McGraw-Hill, Berkshire Hersey, P, Blanchard, KH Johnson, DE 2001, Management and authoritative conduct : driving HR, eighth edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River Kopelman, RE, Prottas, DJ Davis, AL 2008, ‘Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y: toward a construct†valid measure’, Journal of Managerial Issues, vol. 20, no. 2, 255†271, recovered 22nd March 2011, Ebsco

Design project report for Engineering Mechanics - 2750 Words

Design project report for Engineering Mechanics (Research Paper Sample) Content: Student Tutor Course Date Design project report for Engineering Mechanics Introduction Understanding materials in mechanics is critical in the application of the materials in the in mechanics. This fact has led to the investigation of a truss bridge to establish why it is permanently deflected under a load that is higher than the allowable specification CITATION Ash99 \l 1033 (Ashby). The test majorly entails establishing the causes of failure of a truss bridge due to loading. The test will majorly entail loading of the truss bridge and collect data relevant for the compilation of the Young's modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile stress. These tests will be done severally so as to increase the accuracy of the data obtained. This document presents the raw data obtained, the failure report and the material testing discussion. The experiments aim at familiarizing with the relationship between load and deflection of the various beams that make up the truss bridge. It also aims at exploring the theory of young's modulus of the materials that comprise the beams. The experiments that will be undertaken are the bend testing rig, the deflection of a cantilever and deflection of a simply supported beam. The bending test will involve loading of masses on a shaft supported between clamps of a rig and measuring the load-deflection relations. The deflection of a cantilever experiment will involve deflection of a cantilevered beam for steel and aluminum. Finally, the deflection of a simply supported beam experiment entails investigating the deflection of a simply supported beam for steel and aluminum. Executive Summary The tests endeavor to explain the failure of the truss bridge using engineering principles. The bridge experienced permanent deflection under a load that is higher than the allowable specification. The test methods involved testing of the tension of metallic materials. The test was done at room temperature with the metals forged into beams. The test mainly was aimed at establishing the Young's modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of the beams making the truss bridge. The members of the truss were made from annealed stainless steel grade 405 (Modulus of Elasticity = 200 GPa, Yield Strength = 170 MPa, Ultimate Tensile Strength = 415 MPa). The length of the truss was found to be approximately 80 meters, and the height to be approximately 6 meters. Each truss bay is equal in size CITATION AST15 \l 1033 (International). The bottom chord members consist of 40x40 mm square sections, and all other truss members are 80x80 mm square sections. The exceptions to this tests were made for the individual members where it was imperative to conclude that the members would operate with their allowable stress and strain zones. The members were also assumed to be non-elastic hence they could experience fracture when their elastic limits are exceeded. Room temperature was considered to be 10 to 38Â °C. The values were all converted to the SI units. The labs mainly aimed at testing the two members of the bridge; the tensile and the compression members. The two different beams (cantilever and the simply supported) were tested under different loads obtaining the load deflection hence establishing that the bridge permanently deflects under load is higher than the allowable specification. The results from the test calculation of young's modulus accurately. This test proved useful in determining Young's modulus of the material of the beams and hence offer superior results as compared to the tensile test. The stress both in the (90x90) tension members and the (80x80) compression is higher than the one allowed by the material properties. A higher compression higher than the yield point caused deformation of the diameter hence distorting cross-sectional area of the member while the tension reduced the diameter of the member. The calculations for Young's modulus to establish the yield point of the material was able to establish that the bridge would succumb to masses introduced at the center of the bridge. The finding was because yield point would easily be exceeded when compression force was introduced. Materials Testing Discussion To test the behavior of the materials of the member of the truss bridge, we do a compression test and tensile test CITATION Pei12 \l 1033 (Peixoto, Sousa and Restivo). The main elements to be tested were the Young's modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of potential materials to be used to construct a new bridge. The bending experiment was effective in obtaining accurate values for the calculation of the Young's modulus. The simply supported was a little bit undesirable. Young's modulus The following are the dimensions of the beams used in the experiment material Material Nominal Thickness (T) mm Gauge Length (G) mm Width (W) mm MS Blackform 1.6 80 12 SS 304 1.5 80 12 Al 5005 1.6 80 12 Al 5052 1.6 80 12 The beams were deflected in agreement with the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The principles would be considered for both the set ups of the experiment. The cantilever beam had the maximum deflection occurs at the free end of the beam, and in the simply supported beam it occurs at the center of the beam. To calculate the maximum deflection of the cantilever and the simply supported beam the below equations can be used. L is the length of the beam (mm) E is Young's modulus (GPa or N/mm2) P is the load (Newtons) I is the 2nd moment of inertia (mm4) The figure below represent the deflection experienced in the two experiments. Young's modulus represents the slope of the line in a stress-strain curve. To determine the young modulus from the tests we plot the relationship between the load and the resulting deflection and hence obtain the slope of the graph. Treating the plot a linear relationship y = bx + c we obtain the following equations. From the experiment, we first calculate the second moment of inertia so as to be able to obtain the deflection Beam Width(mm) Height(mm) Length(mm) Cross-sectional area(mm2) I (mm4) Aluminium 19.2 3.1 150 2880 47.67 Steel 19.2 3.1 200 3840 47.67 19.2 x (3.1)3/ 12 47.6656mm4 From the above readings we can calculate the second moment of inertia = (0.02) (0.003)3/ 12 =4.5 x 10-11 m4 To obtain the maximum deflections = (2.5) (0.2)3/3(207 x 109) (4.5 x 10-11m4) = 0.000716 m = 0.716mm The deflection obtained can be used to determine the Young's modulus of the material of the beams. Property Your value Unit Young's modulus 46.025 GPa 0.2 % proof stress 283.07 MPa Ultimate tensile stress 348.54 MPa Engineering strain at the point of necking 22.26 % ductility 33.4599 % To design the beams we plot the respective extensions of the beams against the loads. MS Blackform SS 304 Al 5005 Al 5052 Yield stress and ultimate tensile stress The tensile test is used to measure the mechanical properties of the beams. It relates the effects of a tensile load on the elongation (change in length) of the bridge beams. To fully analyze the material of the beams we monitor their behavior under tension and compression CITATION GTo03 \l 1033 (G, Totten and MacKenzi ). The assumption for the tension and compression worked for the value of the material constant. The stress and deformation formula developed are applied to the members of the bridge in tension and compression hence establishing the effect of loading on the beams. The compressive strength of the materials is different from their tensile strength. From the stress-strain plots, the modulus of the elasticity is the same for tension and compression. But from the results, the compressive strength of aluminum was two times that of steel. Compression test was conducted without unloading hence the beams behavior was almost the same in the compression and the tension. The modulus of elasticity, yield stress and the ultimate stress become equal. From the strain and stress on the original length of the beam length of the sample obtained from the truss and equaled the elongation of the beam (the change in length of the beam) divided by the original length of the beam. Since both strain and stress have units of length, the strain has dimensionless units and is expressed mainly in meters and millimeter. Commonly strain can be expressed as engineering strain as a percent strain or percent elongation CITATION Rad04 \l 1033 (M). Engineering strain = engineering strain x 100% The plot of the stress vs. strain diagram results in a curve that is usually linear and follows the relationship. This linear relationship is based on Hooke's Law and has a yield point represents elastic deformation. Removal of the load in the region of the beam, the member will regain its original shape without permanent deformation. The gradient of the curve is the modulus of elasticity or Young's Modulus, which is similar to a spring constant. Materials differ in the young modulus due to the difference in the bonds, a material's Young's modulus is not affected by microstructure but is entirely affected by the bond strength holding the atoms in the structure. When the load increases the stress level is increased to the point beyond t...

Definitions and History of Bioterrorism

Hunger, Malnutrition, And Famine - 937 Words

According to recent statistics from the United Nations World Food Program, 795 million people across the globe, suffer from the effects of being undernourished (Food Program, 2015, para. 1). Both hunger and malnutrition serve to be the number one risk to health and well-being, more so than Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria combined (Food Program, 2015, para. 1). Although the planet produces enough food to feed everyone (Wright Boorse, 2014), hunger, malnutrition, and famine continue to adversely affect people in both developed and developing nations. Children are particularly susceptible to the ill effects of hunger and malnutrition as stunting or growth failure, aside for disease, is the leading cause of abnormal growth development in children (Stunting, n.d.). In July of 2015, while serving as a health care provider, at a two-day medical clinic in the impoverished town of Suscal, Ecuador, a fairly young woman sought my treatment for her 12-year-old son who was suffering the consequences of chronic diarrhea from a parasitic infection contracted by drinking contaminated water. Besides chronic diarrhea, the child also suffered the after effects of the Hepatitis B virus, which was contracted by eating contaminated food. Most stunning was the child’s clinical presentation of being underdeveloped and underweight for a normal 12-year-old. Even more alarming was the fact that the child was missing both maxillary incisors. Through an interpreter, the mother inquired asShow MoreRelatedFamine Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesFamine Famine can be defined as a temporary failure of food production or distribution systems in a particular region that leads to increased mortality due to starvation and diseases that result from lack of food. 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Starvation results in a series of devastating events that can ultimately lead to death. When a person eats, the body extracts needed nutrients for cellular maintenance and repair. This requires energy whichRead MoreWhat Are The Causes Of Famine In Four Countries764 Words   |  4 PagesFamine in Four Countries Kenya Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Faced with devastating, debilitating droughts, Somalia, Nigeria, South Sudan, and Yemen struggle to cope with famine, an obstacle that hinders all people within the nation. In Somalia, over 2.9 million people are at risk because of famine. In Yemen, 18.8 million are in need of assistance, and in South Sudan, over 40% of the population is in need of food urgently, while 100,000 are in imminent danger of death by starvation.

Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders free essay sample

Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders Task A- 1. Body language – People with ASD’s often have difficulties understanding and using body language. This may make them seem rude, but they also avoid eye contact as it makes them feel uncomfortable. Process delay It is a common difficulty for people with ASD’s to have a delay in processing spoken/written communication and replying. Sporadic Language – Individuals may also have learnt certain words or phrases of interest that they use which may make them appear to have a good level of understanding of vocabulary when it is not the case. 2. Autistic people often do not understand the unwritten social rules which most of us pick up without thinking They may also appear to be insensitive because they have not recognised how someone else is feeling. They can also appear to behave strangely or inappropriately, as it is not always easy for them to express feelings, emotions or needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. The autism/autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders. These disorders are characterised by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviours and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays. These disorders include Autism, Asperger’s syndrome and Rett Syndrome. 5. It is important to recognise that each individual on the autistic spectrum has their own strengths, preferences and needs as each person who has one of the related disorders is different. Despite similarities between the disorders and how it can affect the individuals who have them. If you generalise then the care provided may not be person specific and therefore not the best possible care that can be given. 6. ADHD – Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition that makes a person inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive. Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition in which the affected person has seizures or periods of loss of consciousness. Dyslexia Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty which mainly affects the development of literacy and language related skills. 7. Sense Difficulties Sight Lack of eye contact – Can make them feel uncomfortable/anxious. Staring – Can fixate on certain objects/details. Peripheral/central vision – central vision can often be blurred but peripheral vision sharp. Hearing Selective hearing May not acknowledge particular sounds. Sensitive hearing Noise can be magnified and sounds become distorted and muddled. Partial Hearing May only hear sounds in one ear, the other ear having only partial hearing or none at all. Touch High Pain Threshold – Can mean they do not feel pain and can have no sense of danger and self-harm. Textures – Only likes certain clothing or textures. Holds others tightly needs to do so before there is a sensation of having applied any pressure. Smell Poor sense of smell Some people have no sense of smell and fail to notice extreme odours Intensive smells Dislikes people with distinctive perfumes, shampoos, etc. Taste Eats everything soil, grass, Play-dough. This is known as Pica Textures Certain textures cause discomfort; some children will only eat smooth foods like mashed potatoes or ice-cream. Sensitive taste buds – some flavourings/food overpowering. 8. Covers ears May be due to sensitivity to noises. Puts objects to nose to smell them – Likes the feeling of it against nose or likes to smell objects when presented with them. Hits or bites others Way of communicating unhappiness, discomfort or fear. 9. Covering ears – this can impact on an individual as they may not be able to participate in communication with others effectively. Hit or bites other – this can impact on an individual as it is not a socially acceptable way of communicating and means there needs may not be met. 10. I would attempt to engage the individual and distract them by offering them an activity/object they like in order to motivate them. You could also use calming techniques such as deep breathing and relaxing music. Another way would be to give them time and space to calm and reflect. 11. Due to the nature of ASC and the related impairments it is important to use a person centred approach. As individuals who are on the spectrum commonly have communication issues it is a way for their needs, preferences and strengths to be listened to indirectly. It is also important as it gives them a chance to experience new things that they would not do without the support of staff. This can then raise confidence, develop new skills and a sense of value and control. 12. Formal Support Networks Informal Support Networks Schools Family Medical Care Facilities Support Groups Social Workers Friends 13. I would make sure that the support provided was consistent by having meetings with all those involved and making sure that everyone adhered to what was in the care plans and that we feedback and advised each other on these findings. Also we would need to communicate with each other regarding any changes that may be relevant. 14. In order to help an individual with ASD learn a new skill I would look at what skills were already existing, their care plan in order to create an activity/environment that best suits them in able to learn. I would then set targets and reward them when they are met in order to motivate. 15. It is important that people who work with individuals with ASD are aware of how they are communicating with them both verbally and non-verbally as people with ASD may not understand or misinterpret what is being said to them. 16. Location – The location may not be suitable if it is bright, loud or they are not comfortable or familiar there and may cause them to not be able to concentrate on the communication at hand. Noise – If there are noises in the environment which could be loud or quiet due to the sensitivity of individuals with ASD hearing it could distract them during communication with others. People – If there are lots of people present and they are talking or using non-verbal communication this may cause mixed messages or non-delivery of messages. 17. Make sure there is as little background noise as possible by providing a quiet environment the individual can cope with. You could also break down language both orally and written so that it is easier for individuals with ASD to interpret and process. Another method is to ask if it has been understood and give time for messages to be processed. 18. You could use either written language as part of a visual system or pictorial cue cards to inform people with ASD of what they need to do. This could be a schedule or a behavioural visual if something was inappropriate and should be designed specifically to meet the individual’s needs. 19. You could ask a speech and language therapist for advice in order to communicate with someone with ASD effectively and also you could seek information from parents, family members and people who have worked with the individuals before.